03205nas a2200421 4500008003900000245005700039210005600096260001200152520188100164653002202045653002502067653005202092653003702144653003302181653001602214653003302230653002002263653002102283653002002304653001802324653002502342653003002367653002202397653001202419653002902431653002302460653001902483653002402502653002502526100002102551700002202572700002402594700002102618700001902639700002902658700002202687856007402709 2014 d00aHigh Performance Building Façade Solutions-Phase II0 aHigh Performance Building Façade SolutionsPhase II c03/20143 a

The High Performance Building Façade Solutions–Phase II project was initiated through the California Energy Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program in July 2010 to support industry’s development and deployment of both incremental and breakthrough façade technologies in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The objective of this three-year project was to develop, or support the development and deployment of, promising near-term and emerging zero net energy building façade technologies for solar control and daylighting, addressing two of the largest end uses in California commercial buildings: cooling and lighting. In partnership with industry (such as manufacturers), three classes of technologies were investigated: daylighting systems, angular-selective shading systems, and dynamic façade systems. Commercially available and emerging prototype technologies were developed and evaluated using laboratory tests. Simulations, full-scale outdoor tests in the Advanced Window Testbed, and demonstration projects quantified energy and peak electric demand reductions and occupant satisfaction, acceptance, and comfort associated with the resultant indoor environment. Several new technologies were developed using virtual prototyping tools. Integrated control systems were developed using model predictive controls. Simulation tools were developed to model operable complex fenestration systems such as shades and microprismatic films. A schematic design tool called COMFEN was developed to facilitate evaluation of these advanced technologies in the early design phase. All three classes of technologies resulted in significant reductions in perimeter zone energy use and peak electric demand, providing viable options that can support California’s long-term goal of achieving zero net energy use in the next decade.

10aautomated shading10abetween-pane shading10abidirectional scattering distribution functions10abuilding energy simulation tools10aComplex fenestration systems10adaylighting10adaylighting simulation tools10aelectrochromics10aexterior shading10agoniophotometer10alight shelves10amicroprismatic films10amodel predictive controls10amotorized shading10ashading10asolar-optical properties10aswitchable windows10athermochromics10avirtual prototyping10awindow heat transfer1 aLee, Eleanor, S.1 aCoffey, Brian, E.1 aFernandes, Luis, L.1 aHoffmann, Sabine1 aMcNeil, Andrew1 aThanachareonkit, Anothai1 aWard, Gregory, J. uhttps://facades.lbl.gov/publications/high-performance-building-fa-ade00580nas a2200133 4500008003900000245015800039210006900197260001200266100002200278700001900300700003100319700002100350856007500371 2013 d00aAutomated Production of Optimization-Based Control Logics for Dynamic Façade Systems, with Experimental Application to Two-Zone External Venetian Blinds0 aAutomated Production of OptimizationBased Control Logics for Dyn c09/20131 aCoffey, Brian, E.1 aMcNeil, Andrew1 aNouidui, Thierry, Stephane1 aLee, Eleanor, S. uhttps://facades.lbl.gov/publications/automated-production-optimization01789nas a2200217 4500008003900000245015800039210006900197260006500266520094400331100002101275700002401296700002201320700001901342700002201361700002401383700002101407700002701428700002301455700001601478856007701494 2013 d00aA Post-Occupancy Monitored Evaluation of the Dimmable Lighting, Automated Shading, and Underfloor Air Distribution System in The New York Times Building0 aPostOccupancy Monitored Evaluation of the Dimmable Lighting Auto aBerkeley, CAbLawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryc01/20133 a

With aggressive goals to reduce national energy use and carbon emissions, the US Department of Energy will be looking to exemplary buildings that have already invested in new approaches to achieving the energy performance goals now needed at a national level. The New York Times Building, in New York, New York, incorporates a number of innovative technologies, systems and processes and could become a model for widespread replication in new and existing buildings. Post-occupancy data are invaluable in establishing confidence in innovation. A year-long monitored study was conducted to verify energy performance, assess occupant comfort and satisfaction with the indoor environment, and evaluate impacts on maintenance and operations. Lessons learned were derived from the analysis; these lessons could help identify and shape policy, financial, or supporting strategies to accelerate diffusion in the commercial building market.

1 aLee, Eleanor, S.1 aFernandes, Luis, L.1 aCoffey, Brian, E.1 aMcNeil, Andrew1 aClear, Robert, D.1 aWebster, Thomas, L.1 aBauman, Fred, S.1 aDickerhoff, Darryl, J.1 aHeinzerling, David1 aHoyt, Tyler uhttps://facades.lbl.gov/publications/post-occupancy-monitored-evaluation02051nas a2200109 4500008003900000245015100039210006900190260001200259520157900271100002201850856006901872 2012 d00aIntegrated control of operable fenestration systems and thermally massive HVAC systems: Methods and simulation studies of energy savings potential0 aIntegrated control of operable fenestration systems and thermall c10/20123 a

The future design of high performance buildings is expected to involve more active facade technologies, acting in intelligent collaboration with the HVAC and lighting systems to produce comfortable indoor environments with reduced energy consumption. Integrated control of active facade systems and HVAC is challenging, particularly with thermally-massive HVAC systems such as radiant floors and ceilings. This paper describes methods for devising near-optimal controllers for such integrated systems, allowing for any arbitrary level of complexity in the facade system. An offline-optimization approximation to model predictive control is used with a model consisting of a reduced- order approximation of the zone and HVAC thermal properties and an interpolation grid of the daylight and solar gains attributes of the facade in its various possible states. The optimization over the 24-hour prediction horizon is split into two levels, with GenOpt used at the top level to deal with the complexity of the facade, alongside a linear programming solution to the chilled slab control. The model can be calibrated to match monitored data, or some combination of whole-building energy modeling and Radiance outputs. To test the methods and to estimate energy savings potential, case studies were performed with a calibrated model based on an EnergyPlus ASHRAE 90.1-2010 office building, modi ed to use radiant slabs and operable Venetian blinds (either internal or external) or electochromic glazing. Results are shown for four US climates. Further research is discussed.

1 aCoffey, Brian, E. uhttps://facades.lbl.gov/publications/integrated-control-operable01241nas a2200181 4500008003900000245009200039210006900131260001200200520059700212653002000809653002400829653003500853653002500888653003000913100002200943700002100965856007300986 2011 d00aModel-based controls for integrated shading and UFAD control: Report on initial studies0 aModelbased controls for integrated shading and UFAD control Repo c10/20113 a

Methods and initial results are described for model-based controls with offline optimization for integrated shading and UFAD control for an office building in New York. Two cases are studied through lookup-table calculation and annual simulation of the resulting controllers: one case with interior blinds, the other case with exterior blinds. The interior blind case was found to reduce HVAC energy by 5% over a simple baseline control, and the exterior blind case produced a 5.6% HVAC energy savings over the baseline. Further investigations and case studies are planned.

10acloud computing10aintegrated controls10aModel predictive control (MPC)10aoffline optimization10ashading and HVAC controls1 aCoffey, Brian, E.1 aLee, Eleanor, S. uhttps://facades.lbl.gov/publications/model-based-controls-integrated00572nas a2200145 4500008003900000245011600039210006900155260001200224100003100236700001900267700002200286700002200308700002100330856007500351 2011 d00aModeling solar heat gains of complex fenestration systems using bidirectional scattering distribution functions0 aModeling solar heat gains of complex fenestration systems using  c09/20111 aNouidui, Thierry, Stephane1 aMcNeil, Andrew1 aKohler, Christian1 aCoffey, Brian, E.1 aLee, Eleanor, S. uhttps://facades.lbl.gov/publications/modeling-solar-heat-gains-complex