01675nas a2200145   4500008004100000050001400041245009100055210006900146260002300215520114400238100002401382700001901406700002501425856007901450       1993                        eng d  aLBL-3613400aOptimizing the Effective Conductivity and Cost of Gas-Filled Panel Thermal Insulations0 aOptimizing the Effective Conductivity and Cost of GasFilled Pane  aTempe, AZc11/19933 a<p>Gas-Filled Panels, or GFPs, are an advanced theimal insulation that employ a low-conductivity, inert gas, at atmospheiic pressure, within a multilayer reflective baffle. The thermal performance of GFPs varies with gas conductivity, overall panel thickness, and baffle construction. Design parameters of baffle constructions that have a strong effect on GFP thermal resistance are (1) cavities per thickness, (2) cavity surface emittance, and (3) conductance of the baffle materials. GFP thermal performances, where the above parameters were varied, were modeled on a spreadsheet by iterative calculation of one-dimensional energy balances. Heat flow meter apparatus measurements of prototype GFP effective conductivities have been made and are compared to results of the calculations. The costs associated with varying baffle constructions are estimated based on the prices of commercial material components. Results are presented in terms of cost per area per unit thermal resistance ($/Area*R-Value) and are usefid for optimizing GFP designs forsair, argon, or krypton gas fills and a desired effective conductivity and thickness.</p>1 aGriffith, Brent, T.1 aTurler, Daniel1 aArasteh, Dariush, K.  uhttps://facades.lbl.gov/publications/optimizing-effective-conductivity-and